Ficus lyrata

Botanical Name and Family
Botanical Name: Ficus lyrata
Family: Moraceae

Botanical Characteristics
Height: Typically grows to about 6-10 feet (1.8-3 meters) indoors, but can reach up to 50 feet (15 meters) or more in its natural habitat.
Shape: Upright, tree-like or shrub-like growth habit. Can be pruned to maintain a desired height and shape.
Leaves: Large, glossy, and leathery. The leaves are violin-shaped, with a prominent central vein and undulating edges. They can be up to 18 inches (45 cm) long and 12 inches (30 cm) wide. The leaves are typically deep green but can vary in shade and texture.
Stems: Woody and robust, supporting the large foliage. The stems are generally dark green or brownish.
Flowers: Rarely flowers indoors. In its native tropical habitat, it produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are part of a structure called a syconium, which is typical for the genus Ficus.
Fruits: Produces small fig-like fruits in its native environment, but fruiting is uncommon indoors.

Natural Habitat
Native Range: Native to tropical West Africa, including countries like Nigeria, Cameroon, and the Congo Basin. It thrives in tropical rainforests where it grows as a large tree.

Growth Requirements
Light: Prefers bright, indirect light. Can tolerate lower light conditions, but growth may slow, and foliage may become less vibrant. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves.
Water: Requires regular watering. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Allow the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. Reduce watering in winter when the plant’s growth slows.
Soil: Prefers well-draining, loamy potting mix. A blend of peat, perlite, and compost or bark is ideal.
Temperature: Thrives in temperatures between 65-85°F (18-29°C). Protect from temperatures below 50°F (10°C) and cold drafts.

Cultivation Methods
Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix rich in organic matter. Ensure pots have good drainage to prevent waterlogging.
Watering: Water regularly to maintain consistent moisture in the soil. Avoid overwatering and let the top inch of soil dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
Lighting: Provide bright, indirect light to maintain vibrant foliage. Lower light levels can lead to slower growth and less healthy leaves.

Care Recommendations
Propagation: Propagate through stem cuttings or air layering. Use a rooting hormone and place cuttings in a moist, well-draining medium. Keep cuttings in a warm, humid environment until roots develop.
Fertilization: Feed with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce feeding in winter.
Pests and Diseases: Watch for pests such as spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects. Inspect the plant regularly and address infestations promptly. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.

Special Contents
Toxicity: Contains latex, which can be mildly toxic if ingested and can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Keep out of reach of children and pets.

Various Uses
Applications: Popular as an ornamental houseplant for its striking, large foliage. Suitable for indoor settings, bright rooms, and larger spaces where a dramatic plant presence is desired. Can also be used in commercial spaces for a bold statement.

Challenges and Limitations
Issues: Can become leggy if not provided with sufficient light. Overwatering can cause root rot, and the plant is sensitive to cold temperatures and drafts. The latex content can cause mild toxicity, so caution is needed around pets and children.